Israel has not carried out the death penalty since the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal, over sixty years ago. However, in the wake of the devastating Hamas-led attacks on October 7, 2023, there is a growing political momentum to pass a new capital punishment law targeting Palestinians convicted of terrorism. Zvika Fogel, chair of the parliamentary national security committee and advocate for the bill, insists it is a moral imperative to bring in the death penalty, stating it is a critical step in Israel’s defense against terrorism. Conversely, human rights advocates criticize the legislation as one of the most extreme proposals in Israeli history, arguing it promotes racialized capital punishment due to its exclusive application to Palestinians. Heated discussions in the Knesset have seen families of victims on both sides of the issue voicing their opinions. Dr. Valentina Gusak, who lost her daughter in the conflict, supports the bill, likening it to preventative medicine aimed at deterring future violence. In contrast, opponents highlight ethical and legal concerns, arguing that it would deepen existing discrimination against Palestinians while violating principles of Jewish law. The proposed law aims to enforce mandatory death sentences in military courts for certain acts of terrorism, leading to significant debates about justice, deterrence, and the morality of such measures in turbulent times.