Russia's Communication Crackdown: WhatsApp Targets and Rise of the State-Approved Super-App

Wed Oct 22 2025 09:20:47 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

As internet blackouts increase, Russia's government enforces stricter controls on popular messaging apps like WhatsApp and Telegram. A new state-endorsed app, Max, aims to consolidate communication under government guidance.

In response to tightening internet controls, Russian authorities recently imposed restrictions on popular messaging apps WhatsApp and Telegram. This comes with the rollout of 'Max', a new state-approved super-app that integrates multiple services into one, mirroring concepts from China's WeChat. Users are reporting significant disruptions in communication as internet blackouts become commonplace. Critics suggest these moves are part of a broader strategy to increase state surveillance and control over citizens.

Marina, a 45-year-old freelance copywriter, has relied on WhatsApp for her work and personal life for years. However, one day last month that abruptly changed when a call to a colleague did not go through. Like many Russians, she found herself facing new restrictions imposed in mid-August by Russia's media regulator, Roskomnadzor, affecting calls made through WhatsApp and Telegram — the country's most popular messaging apps.

Across Russia, monthly user numbers for WhatsApp and Telegram reach around 97 million and 90 million respectively, representing a significant portion of the population. These platforms serve as vital communication tools for everything from family chats to business discussions. WhatsApp, owned by Meta, is particularly popular among older users for its ease of use.

In recent developments, the rollout of a new 'national messenger' named Max, developed by a Kremlin-controlled company, coincides with these restrictions. Designed to function as a super-app, Max will aggregate various services including government and banking functions, and is expected to be pre-installed on all devices sold in Russia from 1 September.

The increasing restrictions have led many to view the government's actions as an effort to control and monitor personal communications. Telecom experts argue that this crackdown is less about protecting users and more about establishing surveillance capabilities. Critics from various sectors suggest that these controls inhibit personal relationships and mutual support among citizens.

With Russia facing frequent internet blackouts, especially in remote areas, many individuals have been forced to adapt to life without mobile internet. Reports indicate that several regions experienced simultaneous shutdowns, with authorities justifying these actions as protective measures against potential drone attacks from Ukraine.

However, experts question the efficacy of such strategies, highlighting that many Russians rely on mobile internet, which also serves as a primary means of accessing essential services.

As the government imposes stricter monitoring and control measures, concerns remain about the implications for user privacy and freedom of communication. The introduction of the Max app and its potential to surveil communications raises alarms regarding the future of privacy in an increasingly restricted digital environment.