Born Étienne Blum in 1926 in Strasbourg, Dr. Baulieu changed his name to join the French resistance during the Nazi occupation. His research journey led him to collaborate with Dr. Gregory Pincus, the co-creator of the contraceptive pill, focusing on sex hormones. His innovation in blocking progesterone paved the way for the creation of the abortion pill, a development that faced significant opposition yet became widely accessible in over 100 countries, despite ongoing controversies.

In the United States, mifepristone remains a contentious issue, with opponents frequently disputing its safety, though medical organizations affirm its efficacy. Recent years have seen renewed restrictions on the drug, with significant backlash against its availability. Despite this, Baulieu's work has had lasting impacts across the globe, gaining recognition from health authorities, including the World Health Organization's designation of mifepristone as an essential medication.

Beyond his pivotal role in reproductive rights, Dr. Baulieu devoted his later years to researching Alzheimer's prevention and treatments for severe depression. Macron, in presenting him with the Grand Cross of the Legion d'Honneur this year, acknowledged the challenges he faced and underscored his unwavering commitment to freedom and scientific inquiry. Baulieu's legacy lives on as a champion for women's rights and advancements in medical science.