Marina, a 45-year-old freelance copywriter, has relied on WhatsApp for her work and personal life for years. But her communications suddenly changed last month when calls to colleagues didn’t go through. With restrictions imposed by Roskomnadzor, the media regulator, millions of Russians are struggling as the availability of WhatsApp and Telegram—critical platforms in the country—has diminished.
The timing of these restrictions aligns with the rollout of a new 'national messenger' app called Max, developed by VK, a company closely linked to the Kremlin. Despite its popularity with 97 million users, WhatsApp's status as an extremist entity under Russian law complicates its accessibility, especially among older demographics who favor its simplicity.
In many regions, WhatsApp transcends mere messaging; it's essential for coordinating local matters, ordering taxis, and accessing vital information. Government officials claim these apps fail to store users' data in line with law, pushing many towards Max, which poses serious privacy concerns. As a result, many citizens find themselves increasingly isolated.
Max's introduction is parallel to growing censorship and surveillance reminiscent of China's internet management practices. It integrates various functionalities and serves as a potential tool for governmental oversight. The Kremlin’s efforts are now further supported by regular internet shutdowns in several regions under the guise of security against drone attacks, which have deterred citizens’ access to broadband, contributing to a state-induced digital detox.
As the government tightens its grip on digital communication, concerns about privacy and personal freedom loom large. While users can still communicate through traditional mobile networks or consider alternative apps and VPNs, the scope for maintaining privacy is rapidly shrinking.
