The Ax-4 mission is led by former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, who commands a multi-national crew including Polish and Hungarian astronauts, marking a return for these countries to space after decades. The significance of Shukla's trip goes beyond his individual journey; it symbolizes India's re-entrance into human spaceflight, with massive aspirations of establishing a space station by 2035 and sending astronauts to the Moon by 2040. Prime Minister Narendra Modi noted the importance of this moment, highlighting that Shukla carries "the wishes, hopes, and aspirations" of the Indian populace.

Born in 1985 and serving in the Indian Air Force since 2006, Shukla has an impressive résumé of flight experience. Expressing the emotional gravity of his mission, he stated, "This is not just my journey; it’s India’s journey into space." Throughout his two-week stay on the ISS, Shukla will participate in numerous scientific experiments, several of which originate from India. These experiments aim to shed light on crucial aspects of biological responses in microgravity, including studies on crop seeds and microalgae, vital for future space missions.

As millions tuned in to witness the historic launch, an atmosphere of celebration enveloped India, underscoring the nation's growing ambitions in space exploration.