US Evaluates Aukus Submarine Deal Amid "America First" Strategy

The US has initiated a review of the Aukus submarine pact, originally signed in 2021, emphasizing an "America First" approach while Australia prepares to enhance its naval capabilities. The reassessment may adjust the focus away from submarines towards sharing advanced weapon technologies as part of efforts to counteract China's growing influence.

The US has initiated a review of its multi-billion dollar submarine agreement with Australia and the UK as part of a broader "America First" defense strategy. Under the Aukus pact, which aims to counterbalance China's expanding power, Australia is expected to acquire its first nuclear-powered submarines from the US in a move that also involves sharing advanced technology among allies.

In response to the review, both Australia and the UK have downplayed the significance of this reassessment, emphasizing that it is customary for new administrations to evaluate existing agreements. The Aukus deal, worth approximately £176 billion ($239 billion; A$368 billion), was originally established in 2021, coinciding with a shift in leadership in all three nations involved.

A US defense official has noted the importance of ensuring that the Aukus initiative aligns with the current administration's goals, particularly in regard to readiness and collective defense measures among allies. The US has urged allied nations to increase their military expenditures to at least 3% of GDP, a guideline that the UK has accepted while Australia remains hesitant to meet this demand fully.

Elbridge Colby, who has previously expressed skepticism towards the Aukus partnership, will lead the review process. Meanwhile, Australian Defence Minister Richard Marles has expressed optimism regarding the continuation of the deal, highlighting Australia's pressing need for a robust long-range submarine capability. He reassured local media of the necessity to maintain this agreement despite some calls within Australia for a more independent defense strategy.

A spokesperson for the Australian government described the reassessment as a natural process under a new administration, adding that consistent support for the deal exists across the US political landscape. Support has also been echoed by UK officials, who regard Aukus as a pivotal security partnership for maintaining stability in the Indo-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions.

Expert opinions have emerged on the implications of the review, with some suggesting the US might shift its focus from merely supplying submarines to enhancing long-range weapon technologies. This potential pivot raises concerns about whether Australia will deploy its submarines in alignment with US strategic interests, particularly amid tensions over Taiwan.

From 2027, the Aukus deal will allow for the presence of US and UK nuclear submarines in Perth, Western Australia, further solidifying military ties. Australia's procurement plan includes the acquisition of three second-hand Virginia-class submarines and options for two additional units, with a long-term goal of creating a new nuclear-powered submarine class tailored for both Australia and the UK.

The Aukus initiative has drawn criticism from China, which perceives it as a contribution to an escalating arms race. Nevertheless, US and UK officials maintain that fostering Australia’s military capabilities remains crucial for upholding regional peace and security.